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José Craveirinha (1922–2003) was a Mozambican journalist, story writer, and poet renowned as his country's greatest poet, whose Portuguese-language works addressed racism, colonialism, and African identity as a pioneer of the Négritude movement. Son of a Portuguese father and Ronga mother, he supported FRELIMO, endured imprisonment by Portuguese authorities in 1965 for his writings, and later served as vice-director of the national press and first president of the Association of Mozambican Writers. He received the Prémio Camões in 1991 as the first African winner and was declared a national hero in 2003.