Ferreira Gullar

José Ribamar Ferreira, known as Ferreira Gullar, was a Brazilian poet born in São Luís, Maranhão, in 1930, instrumental in founding the Neo-Concrete Movement and writing its manifesto in 1959. Exiled during the Brazilian military dictatorship, he composed his masterpiece Poema Sujo in 1975 while in Argentina, returning to Brazil in 1977 to continue his prolific career in poetry, essays, and criticism. He received major awards including the Camões Prize and Jabuti Prize, and was elected to the Brazilian Academy of Letters in 2014, before his death in 2016. Portuguese New Directions Publishing